Palladium-Catalyzed Dearomative Heck/Suzuki Coupling of C2-Deuterated or C2-Nonsubstituted Indoles.

A palladium-catalyzed dearomative diarylation of C2-deuterated or C2-nonsubstituted indoles through domino Heck/Suzuki coupling is established. Relying on electron-deficient phosphite ligand, side reactions including intermolecular Suzuki coupling and intramolecular C-D/H arylation are inhibited and a wide range of 2,3-diarylated indolines bearing vicinal tertiary stereocenters including deuterated ones are afforded in moderate to excellent yields (up to 94%) and excellent diastereoselectivities (>20:1). The catalyst loading can be lowered to 0.02 mol % at elevated temperature.

Association of tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in endometrioid adenocarcinoma and its clinical significance.

BACKGROUND: Aberrant DNA methylation is a vital molecular alteration commonly detected in type I endometrial cancers (EC), and tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) play significant roles in DNA demethylation. However, little is known about the function and correlation of TET2 and 5hmC co-expressed in EC. This study intended to investigate the clinical significance of TET2 and 5hmC in EC. METHODS: The levels of TET2 and 5hmC were detected in 326 endometrial tissues by immumohistochemistry, and the correlation of their level was detected by Pearson analysis. The association between the levels of TET2 and 5hmC and clinicopathologic characteristics was analyzed. Prognostic value of TET2 and 5hmC was explored by Kaplan-Meier analysis. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Based on the analysis results, TET2 protein level was positively correlated with 5hmC level in EC tissues (r = 0.801, P < 0.001). TET2+5hmC+ (high TET2 and high 5hmC) association was significantly associated with well differentiation, myometrial invasion, negative lymph node metastasis, and tumor stage in EC. Association of TET2 and 5hmC was confirmed as a prognostic factor (HR = 2.843, 95%CI = 1.226-3.605, P = 0.007) for EC patients, and EC patients with TET2-5hmC- level had poor overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, the association of TET2 and 5hmC was downregulated in EC tissues, and may be a potential poor prognostic indicator for EC patients. Combined detection of TET2 and 5hmC may be valuable for the diagnosis and prognosis of EC.

ACSL1-Mediated Fatty Acid ß-Oxidation Enhances Metastasis and Proliferation in Endometrial Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Gynecological malignancies, such as endometrial cancer (EC) and uterine cancer are prevalent. Increased Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1 (ACSL1) activity may contribute to aberrant lipid metabolism, which is a potential factor that contributes to the pathogenesis of endometrial cancer. This study aimed to elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms by which ACSL1 is involved in lipid metabolism in endometrial cancer, providing valuable insights for targeted therapeutic strategies. METHODS: Xenograft mouse models were used to assess the effect of ACSL1 on the regulation of endometrial cancer progression. ACSL1 protein levels were assessed via immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting analysis. To assess the migratory potential of Ishikawa cells, wound-healing and Transwell invasion assays were performed. Changes in lipids in serum samples from mice with endometrial cancer xenotransplants were examined in an untargeted lipidomic study that combined multivariate statistical methods with liquid chromatography‒mass spectrometry (LC/MS). RESULTS: Patient sample and tissue microarray data suggested that higher ACSL1 expression is strongly associated with the malignant progression of EC. Overexpression of ACSL1 enhances fatty acid ß-oxidation and 5'-adenylate triphosphate (ATP) generation in EC cells, promoting cell proliferation and migration. Lipidomic analysis revealed that significant changes were induced by ACSL1, including changes to 28 subclasses of lipids and a total of 24,332 distinct lipids that were detected in both positive and negative ion modes. Moreover, pathway analysis revealed the predominant association of these lipid modifications with the AMPK/CPT1C/ATP pathway and fatty acid ß-oxidation. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that ACSL1 regulates the AMPK/CPT1C/ATP pathway, which induces fatty acid ß-oxidation, promotes proliferation and migration, and then leads to the malignant progression of EC.

A MRI radiomics-based model for prediction of pelvic lymph node metastasis in cervical cancer.

BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer (CC) is a common malignancy of the female reproductive tract, and preoperative prediction of lymph node metastasis (LNM) is essential. This study aims to design and validate a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics-based predictive model capable of detecting LNM in patients diagnosed with CC. METHODS: This retrospective analysis incorporated 86 and 38 CC patients into the training and testing groups, respectively. Radiomics features were extracted from MRI T2WI, T2WI-SPAIR, and axial apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) sequences. Selected features identified in the training group were then used to construct a radiomics scoring model, with relevant LNM-related risk factors having been identified through univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. The resultant predictive model was then validated in the testing cohort. RESULTS: In total, 16 features were selected for the construction of a radiomics scoring model. LNM-related risk factors included worse differentiation (P < 0.001), more advanced International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stages (P = 0.03), and a higher radiomics score from the combined MRI sequences (P = 0.01). The equation for the predictive model was as follows: -0.0493-2.1410 × differentiation level + 7.7203 × radiomics score of combined sequences + 1.6752 × FIGO stage. The respective area under the curve (AUC) values for the T2WI radiomics score, T2WI-SPAIR radiomics score, ADC radiomics score, combined sequence radiomics score, and predictive model were 0.656, 0.664, 0.658, 0.835, and 0.923 in the training cohort, while these corresponding AUC values were 0.643, 0.525, 0.513, 0.826, and 0.82 in the testing cohort. CONCLUSIONS: This MRI radiomics-based model exhibited favorable accuracy when used to predict LNM in patients with CC. Relative to the use of any individual MRI sequence-based radiomics score, this predictive model yielded superior diagnostic accuracy.

Mesenteric cystic lymphatic malformation: a rare case report and review of the literature.

Background: Mesenteric cystic lymphatic malformation (LM) is a rare congenital benign malformation in adults, and its location in the mesentery of the sigmoid colon is even rarer. Case Description: We describe a rare case of LM of the mesentery in a 49-year-old woman. The patient was inadvertently identified during a physical examination 1 month earlier. Transvaginal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed the presence of an intrapelvic mass posterior to the uterus and right anterior to the sigmoid colon. According to the results of the ultrasound, the mass showed hypoechoic solid features with a blood flow signal, and MRI showed that the internal enhancement of the mass was uneven. According to its imaging characteristics, it was preliminarily speculated as a stromal tumor. The patient underwent laparoscopic fenestration and drainage of a sigmoid mesocolic cyst. The patient underwent laparoscopic fenestration and drainage of the sigmoid mesocolic cyst. The pathological diagnosis was cystic lymphangioma of the sigmoid mesangium. After the operation, the patient recovered well without any complications. No recurrence was observed during the 3-month follow-up. Conclusions: LM is a challenging and rare disease, and its diagnosis is difficult. However, the combination of imaging examination and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) technology can significantly improve the accurate diagnosis rate of the disease. Complete resection is the best choice for definite diagnosis and prevention of recurrence. It has been proved that laparoscopic surgery is a safe and feasible method for the treatment of this disease.

scATAC-Ref: a reference of scATAC-seq with known cell labels in multiple species.

Chromatin accessibility profiles at single cell resolution can reveal cell type-specific regulatory programs, help dissect highly specialized cell functions and trace cell origin and evolution. Accurate cell type assignment is critical for effectively gaining biological and pathological insights, but is difficult in scATAC-seq. Hence, by extensively reviewing the literature, we designed scATAC-Ref (https://bio.liclab.net/scATAC-Ref/), a manually curated scATAC-seq database aimed at providing a comprehensive, high-quality source of chromatin accessibility profiles with known cell labels across broad cell types. Currently, scATAC-Ref comprises 1 694 372 cells with known cell labels, across various biological conditions, >400 cell/tissue types and five species. We used uniform system environment and software parameters to perform comprehensive downstream analysis on these chromatin accessibility profiles with known labels, including gene activity score, TF enrichment score, differential chromatin accessibility regions, pathway/GO term enrichment analysis and co-accessibility interactions. The scATAC-Ref also provided a user-friendly interface to query, browse and visualize cell types of interest, thereby providing a valuable resource for exploring epigenetic regulation in different tissues and cell types.

[Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio as a biomarker for predicting coronary artery lesions in Chinese children with Kawasaki disease: a Meta analysis]. / è¡€å°æ¿ä¸Žæ·‹å·´ç»†èƒžæ¯”å€¼å¯¹ä¸­å›½å·å´Žç— æ‚£å„¿å† çŠ¶åŠ¨è„‰ç— å˜é¢„æµ‹ä»·å€¼çš„Meta分析.

OBJECTIVES: To systematically evaluate the value of the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in predicting coronary artery lesions (CAL) in Chinese children with Kawasaki Disease (KD). METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted in databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, China Biomedical Literature Database, and China Science and Technology Journal Database from inception to December 2022. The quality of the included literature was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and a Meta analysis was performed using Stata 15.1. RESULTS: A total of ten published reports, involving 3 664 Chinese children with KD, were included in this Meta analysis, of whom 1 328 developed CAL. The Meta analysis revealed a sensitivity of 0.78 (95%CI: 0.71-0.83), specificity of 0.71 (95%CI: 0.61-0.80), overall diagnostic odds ratio of 8.69 (95%CI: 5.02-15.06), and an area under the curve of the summary receiver operating characteristic of 0.82 (95%CI: 0.78-0.85) for PLR in predicting CAL in the children with KD. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve of summary receiver operating characteristic were lower for PLR alone compared to PLR in combination with other indicators. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated the stability of the Meta analysis results with no significant changes upon excluding individual studies. However, a significant publication bias was observed (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: PLR demonstrates certain predictive value for CAL in Chinese children with KD.

Recent advances in biopolymers-based carbon materials for supercapacitors.

Supercapacitors as potential candidates for novel green energy storage devices demonstrate a promising future in promoting sustainable energy supply, but their development is impeded by limited energy density, which can be addressed by developing high-capacitance electrode materials with efforts. Carbon materials derived from biopolymers have received much attention for their abundant reserves and environmentally sustainable nature, rendering them ideal for supercapacitor electrodes. However, the limited capacitance has hindered their widespread application, resulting in the proposal of various strategies to enhance the capacity properties of carbon electrodes. This paper critically reviewed the recent research progress of biopolymers-based carbon electrodes. The advances in biopolymers-based carbon electrodes for supercapacitors are presented, followed by the strategies to improve the capacitance of carbon electrodes which include pore engineering, doping engineering and composite engineering. Furthermore, this review is summarized and the challenges of biopolymer-derived carbon electrodes are discussed. The purpose of this review is to promote the widespread application of biopolymers in the domain of supercapacitors.

MCSNet+: Enhanced Convolutional Neural Network for Detection and Classification of Tribolium and Sitophilus Sibling Species in Actual Wheat Storage Environments.

Insect pests like Tribolium and Sitophilus siblings are major threats to grain storage and processing, causing quality and quantity losses that endanger food security. These closely related species, having very similar morphological and biological characteristics, often exhibit variations in biology and pesticide resistance, complicating control efforts. Accurate pest species identification is essential for effective control, but workplace safety in the grain bin associated with grain deterioration, clumping, fumigator hazards, and air quality create challenges. Therefore, there is a pressing need for an online automated detection system. In this work, we enriched the stored-grain pest sibling image dataset, which includes 25,032 annotated Tribolium samples of two species and five geographical strains from real warehouse and another 1774 from the lab. As previously demonstrated on the Sitophilus family, Convolutional Neural Networks demonstrate distinct advantages over other model architectures in detecting Tribolium. Our CNN model, MCSNet+, integrates Soft-NMS for better recall in dense object detection, a Position-Sensitive Prediction Model to handle translation issues, and anchor parameter fine-tuning for improved matching and speed. This approach significantly enhances mean Average Precision (mAP) for Sitophilus and Tribolium, reaching a minimum of 92.67 ± 1.74% and 94.27 ± 1.02%, respectively. Moreover, MCSNet+ exhibits significant improvements in prediction speed, advancing from 0.055 s/img to 0.133 s/img, and elevates the recognition rates of moving insect sibling species in real wheat storage and visible light, rising from 2.32% to 2.53%. The detection performance of the model on laboratory-captured images surpasses that of real storage facilities, with better results for Tribolium compared to Sitophilus. Although inter-strain variances are less pronounced, the model achieves acceptable detection results across different Tribolium geographical strains, with a minimum recognition rate of 82.64 ± 1.27%. In real-time monitoring videos of grain storage facilities with wheat backgrounds, the enhanced deep learning model based on Convolutional Neural Networks successfully detects and identifies closely related stored-grain pest images. This achievement provides a viable solution for establishing an online pest management system in real storage facilities.

Correlation between cerebral cortex changes and clinical features in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with normal-appearing brain tissue: a case-control study.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. However, whether and how cortical changes occur in NMOSD with normal-appearing brain tissue, or whether any cortical changes correlate with clinical characteristics, is not completely clear. The current study recruited 43 patients with NMOSD who had normal-appearing brain tissue and 45 healthy controls matched for age, sex, and educational background from December 2020 to February 2022. A surface-based morphological analysis of high-resolution T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance images was used to calculate the cortical thickness, sulcal depth, and gyrification index. Analysis showed that cortical thickness in the bilateral rostral middle frontal gyrus and left superior frontal gyrus was lower in the patients with NMOSD than in the control participants. Subgroup analysis of the patients with NMOSD indicated that compared with those who did not have any optic neuritis episodes, those who did have such episodes exhibited noticeably thinner cortex in the bilateral cuneus, superior parietal cortex, and pericalcarine cortex. Correlation analysis indicated that cortical thickness in the bilateral rostral middle frontal gyrus was positively correlated with scores on the Digit Symbol Substitution Test and negatively correlated with scores on the Trail Making Test and the Expanded Disability Status Scale. These results are evidence that cortical thinning of the bilateral regional frontal cortex occurs in patients with NMOSD who have normal-appearing brain tissue, and that the degree of thinning is correlated with clinical disability and cognitive function. These findings will help improve our understanding of the imaging characteristics in NMOSD and their potential clinical significance.

Unsymmetric N-heterocyclic carbene ligand enabled nickel-catalysed arylation of bulky primary and secondary amines.

The arylation of sterically hindered amines represents one of the long-standing challenges in synthetic chemistry. Herein, we report a highly efficient Ni-catalysed arylation of sterically hindered primary and secondary amines with aryl chlorides or phenol derivatives enabled by an unsymmetric N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand. The protocol provides general, efficient, and scalable access to various sterically demanding anilines in excellent yields under mild conditions. A wide range of functional groups and heterocycles are compatible (>50 examples), including those present in biologically relevant molecules. Computational studies suggest that the unsymmetric bulky and flexible NHC ligand was critical to balance the oxidative addition and reductive elimination elementary steps, thus promoting this challenging transformation.

Study on the effect and mechanisms of piperine against cervical cancer based on network pharmacology and experimental validation.

Piperine has immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties, and its potential in treating cervical cancer needs further exploration. Using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we identified immune-related differentially expressed genes (IRDEGs) in cervical cancer. Predicted targets of piperine were compared with cervical cancer-associated genes from various databases. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, enrichment of GO and KEGG pathways, and molecular docking were performed. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was done to assess prognostic significance. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to confirm findings. We obtained 403 IRDEGs, 125 piperine targets, and 7037 cervical cancer genes. PPI network analysis revealed potential targets and pathways regulated by piperine. Molecular docking showed good binding activity of piperine with specific targets. In vitro, piperine inhibited cervical cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and promoted apoptosis. In vivo, piperine suppressed tumor growth and downregulated expression of IL-1ß and NLRP3 in tumor cells. Piperine also downregulated expression of IL-17A, IL-21, IL-22, and RORγt, and decreased the number of Th17 cells in tumor tissues. Piperine may inhibit cervical cancer progression through modulation of Th17 cell activation mediated by the NLRP3/IL-1ß axis. Further studies are warranted to explore the potential of piperine as an immunomodulatory agent in cervical cancer treatment.

An Asynchronous Concerted Mechanism and Its Origin in Lewis Acid-Mediated Carbonyl-Olefin [2+2] Cycloaddition.

The concerted mechanism of thermal BBr3 -mediated [2+2] carbonyl-olefin cycloaddition is intriguing considering the conflict against the Woodward-Hoffmann rule. In this work, we report a mechanistic study of the titled reaction using density functional theory calculations. The concerted [2+2] cycloaddition mechanism is operative even for the truncated model system of 2-methyl-2-butene and butanone. Intrinsic reaction coordinate analysis and potential surface mapping showed the asynchronous nature of the apparent concerted [2+2] cycloaddition, resulting from the proximity of carbocation-oxyanion in the transient zwitterionic structure. Solvent effects can change the reaction to a stepwise mechanism, highlighting the importance of zwitterion stability. Building upon this finding of the asynchronous concerted or stepwise [2+2] cycloaddition mechanism, two mechanistic classifications were elaborated based on substrates containing varied substituents and Lewis acids, with a focus on manipulating the stability of positive carbocation and negative oxyanion in the transient zwitterionic species.

SEanalysis 2.0: a comprehensive super-enhancer regulatory network analysis tool for human and mouse.

Super-enhancers (SEs) play an essential regulatory role in various biological processes and diseases through their specific interaction with transcription factors (TFs). Here, we present the release of SEanalysis 2.0 (http://licpathway.net/SEanalysis), an updated version of the SEanalysis web server for the comprehensive analyses of transcriptional regulatory networks formed by SEs, pathways, TFs, and genes. The current version added mouse SEs and further expanded the scale of human SEs, documenting 1 167 518 human SEs from 1739 samples and 550 226 mouse SEs from 931 samples. The SE-related samples in SEanalysis 2.0 were more than five times that in version 1.0, which significantly improved the ability of original SE-related network analyses ('pathway downstream analysis', 'upstream regulatory analysis' and 'genomic region annotation') for understanding context-specific gene regulation. Furthermore, we designed two novel analysis models, 'TF regulatory analysis' and 'Sample comparative analysis' for supporting more comprehensive analyses of SE regulatory networks driven by TFs. Further, the risk SNPs were annotated to the SE regions to provide potential SE-related disease/trait information. Hence, we believe that SEanalysis 2.0 has significantly expanded the data and analytical capabilities of SEs, which helps researchers in an in-depth understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of SEs.

Online temperature-monitoring technology for grain storage: a three-dimensional visualization method based on an adaptive neighborhood clustering algorithm.

BACKGROUND: Post-harvest quality assurance is a crucial link between grain production and end users. It is essential to ensure that grain does not deteriorate due to heating during storage. To visualize the temperature distribution of a grain pile, the present study proposed a three-dimensional (3D) temperature field visualization method based on an adaptive neighborhood clustering algorithm (ANCA). The ANCA-based visualization method contains four calculation modules. First, discrete grain temperature data, obtained by sensors, are collected and interpolated using back propagation (BP) neural networks to model the temperature field. Then a new adaptive neighborhood clustering algorithm is applied to divide interpolation data into different categories by combining spatial characteristics and spatiotemporal information. Next, the Quickhull algorithm is used to compute the boundary points of each cluster. Finally, the polyhedrons determined by boundary points are rendered into different colors and are constructed in a 3D temperature model of the grain pile. RESULTS: The experimental results show that ANCA is much better than the DBSCAN and MeanShift algorithms on compactness (around 95.7% of tested cases) and separation (approximately 91.3% of tested cases). Moreover, the ANCA-based visualization method for grain pile temperatures has a shorter rendering time and better visual effects. CONCLUSION: This research provides an efficient 3D visualization method that allows managers of grain depots to obtain temperature field information for bulk grain visually in real time to help them protect grain quality during storage. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Gold nanoclusters with enhanced near-infrared emission and its application as sensors for biological molecules.

Ultrasmall gold nanoclusters (NCs) have been engineered as a new kind of functional material due to their excellent photoluminescence properties. However, the synthesis of highly luminescent water-soluble nanoclusters with near-infrared (NIR) emission remains limited. Herein, we developed a pH-regulated strategy to facilitate the construction of self-assemblies with enhanced luminescence based on aggregation-induced emission (AIE) strategy. Using 2-mercaptobenzoic acid (MBA) as reductant and stabilizer, the original weakly luminescent AuNCs exhibited intense emission by adjusting pH controllably. The formation of compact organized nanostructures could effectively restrict the rotation and vibration of capping ligands by non-covalent interactions, which reduced the nonradiative relaxation from excited states and finally improved the emission properties of AuNCs. Moreover, the assemblies possess many intriguing features including bright NIR luminescence and excellent biocompatibility, which could be used as luminous probes in biological molecules sensing (tyrosinase (TYR) and dopamine (DA)) and promising candidates for cell imaging. This study provides a simple and feasible strategy for developing metal NCs-based smart optical materials in the field of bioscience.

Cardiac cine with compressed sensing real-time imaging and retrospective motion correction for free-breathing assessment of left ventricular function and strain in clinical practice.

Background: Free-breathing cardiac cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) comparable to the traditional breath-hold 2D segmented cine imaging (SegBH) is clinically required for cardiac function and strain analysis. This study is to assess the feasibility and accuracy of a free-breathing cardiac cine technique (RTCSCineMoCo) combined with highly accelerated real-time acquisition, compressed sensing, and fully automated non-rigid motion correction for left ventricular (LV) function and strain analysis, using SegBH as the reference and comparing with free-breathing single-shot real-time compressed sensing cine imaging (RTCSCine) without motion correction. Methods: A total of 67 patients scheduled for clinical cardiac MRI were included. Cine images were acquired using three techniques (SegBH, RTCSCineMoCo, RTCSCine) consecutively at 3.0 T. LV functional parameters, including ejection fraction (EF), end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), stroke volumes (SV), and LV mass (LVM) were measured and compared. Strain parameters including global radial (GRS), circumferential (GCS), and longitudinal (GLS) strain as well as corresponding time to peak strain (TPS) were computed by magnetic resonance (MR) feature tracking and compared. Subgroup analyses were performed according to heart rate (HR), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and etiology. Results: All quantitative parameters of LV function and strain measured by RTCSCineMoCo (r≥0.766) and RTCSCine (r≥0.712) showed strong correlations with SegBH (all P<0.001). LV functional parameters were not statistically different between RTCSCineMoCo and SegBH (all P>0.05), but an overestimation of LV end-systolic volume (LVESV) and underestimation of LVEF and LVM were observed using RTCSCine (all P<0.001). GRS, GCS, and GLS by RTCSCineMoCo and RTCSCine were significantly different than those by SegBH (all P<0.05). All TPS values by RTCSCineMoCo showed no significant differences (all P>0.05) compared with SegBH, but TPS in longitudinal directions (TPSL) by RTCSCine was significantly different (P=0.011). There were no significant differences for GRS or GCS between RTCSCineMoCo and SegBH in patients with HR <70 bpm or LVEF <50%. GRS by RTCSCineMoCo showed similar results compared to SegBH in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Conclusions: RTCSCineMoCo is a promising method for robust free-breathing cardiac cine imaging, yielding more precise quantitative analytic results for LV function compared with RTCSCine. RTCSCineMoCo mildly underestimated GRS, GCS, and GLS, but showed smaller bias compared to RTCSCine in LV strain analysis.

Comparision of nitrogen removal characteristic and microbial community in freshwater and marine recirculating aquaculture systems.

Recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) has a good prospect in aquaculture, but its nitrogen removal characteristics and microbial community changes in freshwater and marine water remain unclear. In this study, six RAS were designed and divided into freshwater group and marine water group with salinity of 0‰ and 32‰, respectively, and operated for 54 days to test changes in nitrogen (NH4+-N, NO2--N, NO3--N), extracellular polymeric substances and microbial communities. The results showed that ammonia nitrogen was rapidly reduced and almost converted to nitrate nitrogen in the freshwater RAS but to nitrite nitrogen in marine RAS. Compared with freshwater RAS, marine RAS had lower tightly bound extracellular polymeric substances and worse stability and settleability condition. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing reflected significantly lower bacterial diversity and richness in marine RAS. Microbial community structure at phylum level showed lower relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Nitrospirae, but higher abundance of Bacteroidetes under a salinity of 32‰. High salinity decreased the abundance of funtional genera (Nitrosospira, Nitrospira, Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, Comamonas, Acidovorax, f_Comamonadaceae), which may account for nitrite accumulation and low nitrogen removal capacity in marine RAS. These findings could provide theoretical and practical basis for improving the start-up speed of high-salinity nitrification biofilm.

A New Antibody Binding Test for Potency Assessment of the Human Rabies Vaccine.

This study established a new protocol of the antibody binding test to evaluate the potency of the rabies vaccine containing the final bulk and the product. The principle of this experiment is to combine rabies vaccine with quantitative anti-rabies virus neutralizing antibody. After combination, the remaining rabies vaccine is combined with the quantitative fluorescent labeled rabies virus. After this, observe the remaining fluorescent labeled rabies virus, calculate the fluorescence area with fluorescence observation equipment, then calculate the potency of rabies vaccine by Reed and Muench method. The test results of many batches of rabies vaccine final bulk and finished products showed that the potency detected by this method was consistent with that of National Institute of Health method.